In 1894, two Wisconsin game wardens went to arrest Ojibwe chief Joe White for hunting deer out of season, despite treaty rights. During the altercation, White was fatally shot in the back; the game wardens were acquitted of manslaughter by an all-white jury. UMD American Indian Studies Assistant Professor Erik Redix explores this incident in his book, The Murder of Joe White: Ojibwe Leadership and Colonialism in Wisconsin, setting the scene of decades of struggle by the Ojibwe to resist removal to the reservation.

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